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Over the past thirty years, string theory has had a profound impact in the development of different areas of mathematics. String theory represents an ambitious attempt to understand the universe at all scales and geometry is vital to this quest. On one hand, string theory has produced some new geometrical concepts; and on the other hand new ideas from geometry have often found their first applications in string theory. I will present a brief introduction to string theory and a selective overview of some developments related to it. It will be necessary to give an outline of the fundamental physics which motivates the need for string theory, i.e. unification of fundamental interactions. Knowing that six-dimensional Calabi-Yau manifolds have a special place in this theory, it will be convenient to emphasize the mathematical motivations of studying string theory. I will mention about AdS/CFT correspondence which is regarded as one of the main successes of the theory. Talk will be concluded by giving the highlights of a recent study on alternative Type IIB embedding of F(4) gauged supergravity.