The advent of quantum mechanics in the early 20th century revolutionized our understanding of the physical world, revealing a microscopic realm governed by principles of superposition and entanglement. The quest to harness these principles for computation gave rise to the field of quantum computing, which promises exponential speedups for certain classes of problems. However, the practical realization of a quantum computer faces a formidable obstacle: decoherence, where the delicate quantum states (qubits) are easily corrupted by environmental noise. This paper provides a pedagogical introduction to Topological Quantum Computation (TQC), a novel and powerful paradigm designed to overcome this challenge by its inherent fault tolerance. We begin by tracing the historical trajectory from the foundational concepts of quantum mechanics to the development of the standard circuit model of quantum computation, highlighting the vulnerability of conventional qubits. From there, we introduce the core idea of TQC: encoding quantum information not in the local properties of individual particles, but in the global, topological properties of a many-body system. This non-local encoding makes the information robust against local perturbations, the primary cause of decoherence. The discussion then delves into the exotic quasiparticles known as anyons, the building blocks of topological qubits. We explain the fundamental concepts of non-Abelian statistics and how the "braiding" of these anyons in two-dimensional space can perform quantum gates. This journey aims to demystify the key concepts behind TQC in an accessible manner, providing the reader with a clear conceptual framework. By bridging the gap from fundamental quantum principles to the frontiers of fault-tolerant computation, this introduction serves as a starting point for understanding why TQC is considered one of the most promising routes toward building a scalable and reliable quantum computer.