Generalized geometry is a recently discovered (Hitchin, 2003) branch of differential geometry which incorporates complex and symplectic geometry into a larger framework. Besides its purely mathematical importance it also has attracted a significant amount of interest due to the emergence of several connections with areas of mathematical physics. After introducing the basic underlying structures of generalized geometry we will explore double field theory, a form of string theory, where generalized geometric structures are heavily used. We will conclude the talk with current research problems in this field of research.